Novedades en la feria de vehículos comerciales mas grande del mundo

Desde 1897 se realiza en Alemania la exposición de vehículos de motor. En esta ocasión fue del 20 al 27 de septiembre de 2012 su 64vo evento. Se tenían tantos visitantes que se optó desde 1991 en dividirse en 2, y cada año par se realice en Hannover la exposición de vehículos comerciales, y cada año impar en Frankfurt la de automóviles. Aún separada sigue siendo la exposición mas grande del mundo en su tipo, ya que cubre 250,000 m2, lo que sería equivalente aproximadamente a 40 campos de futbol soccer. Visitado por 240,000 personas durante los 8 días de exposición, casi duplicando las cifras del monumento mas visitado del mundo, la torre Eiffel.

Es importante el impacto que estos vehículos comerciales tienen en nuestra vida diaria, ya que todos los productos llegan a los comercios en ellos. Si volteamos a nuestro alrededor, todo se transportó sobre un camión por lo menos una parte de su trayecto, ya que no existen los establecimientos que se abastezcan directamente origen-destino de un puerto, aeropuerto o el ferrocarril. Por esta misma razón son cientos de millones los motores a combustión diesel, los que circulan con mercancía en el mundo.

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• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: A visitor photographs a new Volvo hybrid city bus during a press and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors examine Scania heavy trucks during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• MAN Presents New Bundesliga Busses

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 27: The new Bundesliga busses of (L-R) Borussia Dortmund, Hamburger SV, FC Bayern Muenchen, VFL Wolfsburg and 1 FC Kaiserslautern are seen after the presentation of the new Bundesliga busses of MAN at the 63rd IAA commercial vehicles fair on September 27, 2010 in Hanover, Germany. (Photo by Joern Pollex/Bongarts/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: A visitor walks by Dutch truck maker DAF heavy trucks during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors examine an MV200 Nissan concept van during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• Fair visitors walk past trucks of French

  Fair visitors walk past trucks of French car maker Renault presented at the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 24, 2008. About 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products during the fair running to October 2, 2008. AFP PHOTO DDP/PHILIPP GUELLAND GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read PHILIPP GUELLAND/AFP/Getty Images)

• Booth builders of the 62nd IAA Commercia

  Booth builders of the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair polish a Vito Blue Efficiency car at the booth of Mercedes-Benz on September 22, 2008 on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• Booth builders of the 62nd IAA Commercia

  Booth builders of the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair polish a Vito Blue Efficiency car at the booth of Mercedes-Benz on September 22, 2008 on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• A man polishes a truck presented at the

  A man polishes a truck presented at the booth of MAN in preparation of the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 22, 2008. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• A woman polishes a truck of MAN in prepa

  A woman polishes a truck of MAN in preparation of the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 22, 2008. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• Visitors check out the stand of Dutch lo

  HANOVER, GERMANY: Visitors check out the stand of Dutch lorry maker DAF at the 60th International Motor Show (IAA) Commercial Vehicles in Hanover 27 September 2004. The show features some 1350 exhibitors from 40 countries. AFP PHOTO DDP/JOCHEN LUEBKE GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read JOCHEN LUEBKE/AFP/Getty Images)

• New trucks of German industrial group M

  Hanover, GERMANY: New trucks of German industrial group MAN are lined up 15 September 2006 in Hanover at the IAA fair for commercial vehicles. MAN has launched a hostile takeover of 9.6 billion euros of Swedish truck manufacturer Scania, MAN announced 18 September 2006. The board of Scania trucks immediately rejected the takeover bid, intended to create a world leader in the sector for lorries and utility vehicles. AFP PHOTO DDP/JOCHEN LUEBKE GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read JOCHEN LUEBKE/AFP/Getty Images)

• Workers arrange the logo of Swedish truc

  HANOVER, Germany: Workers arrange the logo of Swedish truck maker Scania 15 September 2006 to prepare the company's booth for the IAA Commercial Vehicles 2006 fair at the fairgrounds in Hanover running from 21 to 28 Setember. German industrial conglomerate MAN sent signals that it might be looking to tie the knot with Swedish group Scania with a view to becoming Europe's biggest truck maker ahead of DaimlerChrysler and Volvo. AFP PHOTO DDP/JOCHEN LUEBKE GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read JOCHEN LUEBKE/AFP/Getty Images)

• Trucks of German industrial conglomerate

  HANOVER, Germany: Trucks of German industrial conglomerate MAN are exposed on the Hanover fairgrunds 15 September 2006 in preparation of the IAA Commercial Vehicles 2006 fair running from 21 to 28 Setember. MAN sent signals that it might be looking to tie the knot with Swedish group Scania with a view to becoming Europe's biggest truck maker ahead of DaimlerChrysler and Volvo. AFP PHOTO DDP/JOCHEN LUEBKE GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read JOCHEN LUEBKE/AFP/Getty Images)

• MAN employees walks past new trucks of G

  Hanover, GERMANY: MAN employees walks past new trucks of German industrial group MAN whiche are lined up 15 September 2006 in Hanover at the IAA fair for commercial vehicles. MAN has launched a hostile takeover of 9.6 billion euros of Swedish truck manufacturer Scania, MAN announced 18 September 2006. The board of Scania trucks immediately rejected the takeover bid, intended to create a world leader in the sector for lorries and utility vehicles. AFP PHOTO DDP/JOCHEN LUEBKE GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read JOCHEN LUEBKE/AFP/Getty Images)

• An employee of Swedish truck manufacture

  HANOVER, Germany: An employee of Swedish truck manufacturer Scania polishs a truck on the Hanover fairgrunds 18 September 2006 in preparation of the IAA Commercial Vehicles 2006 fair running from 21 to 28 Setember. AFP PHOTO DDP/JOCHEN LUEBKE GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read JOCHEN LUEBKE/AFP/Getty Images)

• An employee of of Swedish truck manufact

  HANOVER, Germany: An employee of of Swedish truck manufacturer Scania polishs the company's logo of a truck on the Hanover fairgrunds 18 September 2006 in preparation of the IAA Commercial Vehicles 2006 fair running from 21 to 28 Setember. AFP PHOTO DDP/JOCHEN LUEBKE GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read JOCHEN LUEBKE/AFP/Getty Images)

• FILES - The combo of pictures shows (top

  FILES - The combo of pictures shows (top) fairground employees setting up the logo of Swedish truck manufacturer Scania 15 September 2006 at the IAA fair for commercial vehicles in Hanover and (bottom) a man polishing the logo of German engineering conglomerate MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG 17 March 2005 in Munich. German weekly magazine 'Focus' reports in its latest edition to go on sale 17 September 2007 that the merger talks between Man and Swedish truck maker Scania have been called off. AFP PHOTO DDP/JOCHEN LUEBKE/JOERG KOCH GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read JOCHEN LUEBKE/JOERG KOCH/AFP/Getty Images)

• DEU Continental Schaeffler Uebernahme

• DEU Continental Schaeffler

• A woman polishes the logo of MAN on a tr

  A woman polishes the logo of MAN on a truck in preparation of the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 22, 2008. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• A woman polishes a truck of MAN in prepa

  A woman polishes a truck of MAN in preparation of the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 22, 2008. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• A man walks past a Zetros car presented

  A man walks past a Zetros car presented at the booth of Mercedes-Benz at the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 22, 2008. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• Booth builders of the 62nd IAA Commercia

  Booth builders of the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair polish a Vito Blue Efficiency car at the booth of Mercedes-Benz on September 22, 2008 on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• A man works on trucks presented at the b

  A man works on trucks presented at the booth of Mercedes-Benz at the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 22, 2008. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: A visitor steps into a hybrid MAN city bus during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• A man works on trucks presented at the b

  A man works on trucks presented at the booth of Mercedes-Benz at the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 22, 2008. From September 25 to October 2, 2008, about 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products. AFP PHOTO DDP/NIGEL TREBLIN GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read NIGEL TREBLIN/AFP/Getty Images)

• Italy Fiat Chrysler

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors examine an MAN Neoplan bus engine during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors walk by MAN heavy trucks during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors walk by MAN heavy trucks during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors walk past MAN Neoplan buses during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors examine an MAN heavy truck during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors stop to examine Mercedes-Benz heavy trucks at the Daimler stand during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors examine an IVECO heavy truck during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• Fair visitors walk past trucks of French

  Fair visitors walk past trucks of French car maker Renault presented at the 62nd IAA Commercial Vehicles fair on the fair grounds in Hanover, central Germany on September 24, 2008. About 2,000 exhibitors from 47 countries will present their latest products during the fair running to October 2, 2008. AFP PHOTO DDP/PHILIPP GUELLAND GERMANY OUT (Photo credit should read PHILIPP GUELLAND/AFP/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors examine a Mitsubishi Fuso Canter Eco-D concept dump truck during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: A visitor walks by Dutch truck maker DAF heavy trucks during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors examine a Volkswagen heavy truck during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Visitors examine Scania heavy trucks during a media and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA Commercial Vehicles, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Andy Palmer, Corporate Vice President at Nissan Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs), speaks to the media at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Staffan Jufors, CEO of Volvo Trucks, attends the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Susumu Hosoi, President of Isuzu Motors, poses for a brief portrait photo at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Staffan Jufors, CEO of Volvo Trucks, poses for the media at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Andy Palmer, Corporate Vice President at Nissan Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs), speaks to the media at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: Sergio Bracco, head of Product Portfolio and Innovation at Italian truck maker IVECO, speaks to the media at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

• IAA Commercial Vehicles Trade Fair

  HANOVER, GERMANY - SEPTEMBER 24: A visitor photographs a new Volvo hybrid city bus during a press and industry professionals' day at the IAA Commercial Vehicles trade fair on September 24, 2008 in Hanover, Germany. The IAA, Germany's biggest trade fair for trucks and buses, will open to the public on September 25. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images)

Los expositores de vehículos, autopartes y dispositivos técnicos en Hannover destacan la importancia de reducir el impacto al medio ambiente, pero ya no es el enfoque exclusivamente a la reducción de emisiones que se viene observando en varías exposiciones de los últimos años. Los estándares ambientales en Europa son de los mas avanzados, para 2014 esta propuesto iniciar ya con el estándar EURO VI, lo que significa que desde la EURO I (hace 20 años) se han reducido hasta en 7 veces la contaminación óxidos de nitrógeno y partículas. Esto significa que las normas ambientales en el tema de emisiones en los siguientes años prácticamente serán tecnologías limpias, por lo que el énfasis ya no será en reducción de emisiones, sino en la reducción en el consumo el combustible, en fabricar motores mas eficientes, y dispositivos que aprovechen de manera directa o indirecta la energía de los vehículos para ahorrar diesel.

En la exposición llama la atención varias tecnologías, como la de los vehículos eléctricos o híbridos (motor que usa combustible y energía eléctrica). En los automóviles, ya los vemos circulando en las ciudades, porque los motores eléctricos tienen una menor potencia. Sin embargo en vehículos pesados (camiones y autobuses), que además transportan carga o pasaje no hay totalmente eléctricos autónomos, los que hay están conectados como tranvías. Apenas se acaba de lanzar en Hanover el primer vehículo eléctrico para 7 pasajeros.

Usualmente en vehículos pesados se utilizan los híbridos, y su mayor rendimiento es dentro de las ciudades, ya que captan la energía del frenado para generar electricidad, y los vehículos comerciales en las carreteras frenan poco, lo que los hacía inviables. Pero ya se diseñaron tecnologías para usar la energía del camión cuando va en descenso, almacenando energía eléctrica en baterías, y cuando el camión va de subida, es cuando la utiliza. El aprovechar el frenado y descenso puede ayudar a reducir hasta en un 6% el consumo de combustible en carretera y un 20% dentro de las ciudades.

Otra tecnología similar, presentada en la feria por primera y que ganó el premio a la innovación en componentes de semirremolque (o cajas que son jaladas por los camiones), es un dispositivo independiente del vehículo de motor, similar a la tecnología en híbridos, que carga unas baterías al descender y frenar. Esta energía es utilizada para los dispositivos eléctricos del semirremolque como luces y el compresor que comprime el aire para los frenos y la suspensión. Se piensa que en el futuro se puede generar suficiente energía como para refrigerar el remolque y ahorrar entre 1 y 2% de diesel.

Al igual que las tecnologías que se mencionan anteriormente, uno de los dispositivos mas destacados fue el que utiliza el posicionamiento global (GPS), para realizar manejo predictivo. Al tener la ubicación, orientación y velocidad del camión, intercambia información con una base de datos de la geografía del terreno y automáticamente el vehículo puede predecir que tendrá que subir una pendiente o bajarla. La computadora del camión hace los ajustes en velocidad, transmisión y motor para que esté en condiciones óptimas, lo que podría ahorrar hasta un 3% en el consumo de combustible.

Todas estos dispositivos ya están disponibles en el mercado, sin embargo se verán en camiones y autobuses de línea hasta dentro de unos 5 años en Europa. En América latina puede ser que tarde un poco más, pero si se otorgan incentivos a las empresas que utilizan esta tecnología, podremos verlos mas pronto de lo que pensamos.

*La información es de una visita presencial a la exposición por el autor.

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