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  <title>Hernan Vera</title>
  <link href="http://voces.huffingtonpost.com/author/index.php?author=hernan-vera"/>
  <updated>2013-05-24T01:22:49-04:00</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Hernan Vera</name>
  </author>
  <id xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">http://www.voces.huffingtonpost.com/author/index.php?author=hernan-vera</id>
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<entry>
    <title>U.S. Early Education Focus Can Close Achievement Gaps -- and Political Ones</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/early-childhood-education-latino-families_b_2901380.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2013:/theblog//3.2901380</id>
    <published>2013-03-19T18:26:29-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-05-19T05:12:01-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[The truth is that economic development in every community depends upon the existence of high quality, affordable child care and early education.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[Since the election, the political headlines have been mostly dominated by heated discussions of the hot button issues facing Congress -- budget battles, immigration reform and gun control, to name a few.<br />
<br />
But one other initiative mentioned in President Obama's State of the Union address has the potential -- with much less fanfare and partisan debate -- to radically transform the opportunities that are available to millions of children throughout the country. It is a simple idea that all Americans can and should agree on: expanding early care and education opportunities for all children age zero to five.  <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/13/fact-sheet-president-obama-s-plan-early-education-all-americans " target="_hplink">The president's call to action</a> was direct:  "In states that make it a priority to educate our youngest children... studies show students grow up more likely to read and do math at grade level, graduate high school, hold a job and form more stable families of their own. We know this works. So let's do what works and make sure none of our children start the race of life already behind."  <br />
<br />
The president's plan, released in the days that followed, would create a new federal-state partnership to provide all low and moderate-income children with quality preschool at age four, and expand Early Head Start child care opportunities through a series of competitive grants. <br />
<br />
Why is this issue important to the Latino community?  <br />
<br />
It is critical because the "educational achievement gap" starts here. According to 2010 nationwide census figures, <a href="http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_epr.asp#info.asp" target="_hplink">Latinos are the major ethnic group with the lowest rates of preschool attendance.  </a>Only 56 percent of Latino children attend pre-primary education programs at ages three through five, compared with 65 percent for African Americans, 67 percent for Whites, and 71 percent for Asian Americans. This translates directly into deficiencies in school readiness.  To pick out one alarming statistic among many, the U.S. Department of Education reports that 36 percent of White children are able to recognize the letters of the alphabet when starting kindergarten; only about 15 percent of Latino children can do so. <a href="http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2008/2008051.pdf" target="_hplink">Click here to view the report (pdf). </a><br />
<br />
In so many ways, quality child care and early education are the great equalizers. Study after study has demonstrated not only the long-range educational benefits, but also a whole host of ancillary social benefits from better health outcomes to lower rates of public assistance, incarceration, domestic abuse, and teen pregnancy. Not surprisingly, these benefits are most pronounced in families with low incomes who need it most. Since 90 percent of a child's brain is developed by her third birthday, investing in quality early education pays dividends for a child's entire life, and creates a more level playing field for society as a whole.<br />
<br />
Supporting early care and education is also the smart thing to do when it comes to dollars and cents. Child care providers are economic engines that create jobs in every community and expand the tax base. In fact, in most states, child care providers comprise one of the largest categories of small business. And we sure heard a lot -- from both parties -- about small businesses in the last election. The truth is that economic development in every community depends upon the existence of high quality, affordable child care and early education. <br />
<br />
That is why this issue has become a top priority for many civil rights organizations nationwide, including Public Counsel. For over 25 years, <a href="http://www.publiccounsel.org/practice_areas/early_childhood_care_and_education" target="_hplink">we have provided free legal support for thousands of child care providers</a> who are passionate about working with children, and defended the rights of these providers to run their small businesses in local jurisdictions that all too often impose needless (and sometimes unlawful) bureaucratic obstacles.  <br />
<br />
We fight hard to help these child care businesses open, expand and prosper so that single parents can go to work, and so that communities can have the resources they need to give their children the right start in life. But while more organizations are joining the fight as of late, even more needs to be done.<br />
<br />
Local and state government can also step into the breach. In San Antonio, for example,<a href="http://www.sanantonio.gov/Pre-K4SanAntonio.aspx" target="_hplink"> Mayor Julian Castro led a campaign for a successful ballot initiative</a> that raised the sales tax by 1/8 of a cent to fund subsidized child care for thousands of poor children throughout the city. And, in California, the people passed Proposition 10 in 1998, creating a funding stream of hundreds of millions of dollars for ECE and providing for the formation of <a href="http://www.ccfc.ca.gov/commission/about_us.asp " target="_hplink">First 5 California</a> to improve the lives of children through a comprehensive system of health services and early care and education programs. First 5 California has distributed funds to local communities and given hundreds of thousands of children in California under age 5 the opportunity for quality education and a real shot at the American dream.<br />
<br />
Somewhere in America there's a future president who will look back at Mr. Obama's call to action on early care in some future State of the Union Address, and realize it's never too early to start dreaming big.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1046132/thumbs/s-EDU-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>People Living at the Poverty Line Need a MY$23K Campaign</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/fiscal-cliff-poverty_b_2371925.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.2371925</id>
    <published>2012-12-31T01:45:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2013-03-01T05:12:01-05:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Deep cuts to unemployment benefits could especially hurt people living near the poverty line, as well as Latinos, military veterans, and African Americans who still suffer higher unemployment.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[Remember all the big arguments of the 2012 presidential election? One of the key disagreements between the candidates was about how to get more money into the hands of more Americans. The election ended, but the argument didn't. <br />
<br />
The debate happening now in Congress over the "fiscal cliff" has sometimes seemed like just another phase of that bitter campaign. If nothing changes, we will see a combination of tax increases and budget cuts that could stall our nation's recovery and hurt families just digging out from the economic wreckage. <br />
<br />
We went from being gang-tackled by election-season attack ads aimed at our votes, to being carpet-bombed by holiday-season jingles aimed at our pocketbooks. For a family still struggling to pay the rent, a spending spree is a distant hope. <br />
<br />
I was at the White House this month along with other community leaders from California to talk about a solution. There's one thing everyone agreed: we need to talk about what severe cuts to government services would really look like. People from groups large and small talked about what more budget cuts and tax increases could mean for people struggling to hold on to their homes or just dusting off their suit for their first job interview in a year. <br />
<br />
The message is being heard loud and clear and gaining momentum around the country.  The White House has launched a campaign -- <a href="http://twitter.com/#MY2K" target="_hplink">MY2K</a> -- to highlight the importance of extending tax cuts for the middle class that average $2,200 per family. That's where most Americans are focused, living month to month. The MY2K campaign has focused Americans on the real effects.  <br />
<br />
But there's another group, those living at the <a href="http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/methods/definitions.html" target="_hplink">poverty threshold of $23,000 per year for a family of four</a>.  They stand to lose big if Congress can't agree on a solution.  Because if social programs are cut further as a result of the "sequester," and if unemployment goes back up as a result of other automatic cuts in spending, the ones left holding the pink slips will be the families who can afford it the least. <br />
<br />
We need a campaign to speak for them.  I call it <a href="http://twitter.com/#MY$23K" target="_hplink">#MY$23K</a>. <br />
<br />
As the president of a justice organization that helps people who are often living at or even well under the poverty line, I can give a few examples of how these 46.2 million Americans -- <a href="http://twitter.com/#MY$23K" target="_hplink">MY$23K</a> -- could be devastated if a solution to the fiscal cliff isn't found in the coming weeks.  <br />
<br />
For a family of four with two children making a household income of $20,000, no Congressional action means $1,000 out of the family's pocket as a result of the reduction in the Child Tax Credit.  Because the tax credit is "refundable," a family can actually receive the credit even if it exceeds the amount of federal income tax they owe. The Child Tax Credit lifted 1.3 million children out of poverty in 2010, <a href="http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&amp;id=2989 " target="_hplink">according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities</a>. <br />
<br />
Deep cuts to unemployment benefits could especially hurt people living near the poverty line, as well as Latinos, military veterans, and African Americans who still suffer higher unemployment. While national unemployment has dropped to 7.7% in October, 10% of Latinos, 12% of military veterans,  and 13% of African Americans are without a job. <a href="http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm" target="_hplink">Read the report here.</a><br />
<br />
Job training programs also stand to take a $500 million hit, according to Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis. These programs help adults and young people, and Americans age 16-24 would be deeply affected. <a href=" http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/news/2012/12/03/46635/what-is-at-stake-for-communities-of-color-in-the-fiscal-showdown-debate/" target="_hplink">According to the U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Census</a>, 18.5% of Latinos age 16-24 and a stunning 29% of veterans age 18-24 are unemployed.<br />
<br />
The real fix for these Americans could come from actually paying for programs that level the playing field. That includes workforce development, job training, and those aimed at the unemployed.<br />
<br />
It also includes legal services, one area that can make a major difference for people at the poverty line. As a <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/30/opinion/tipping-the-scales-in-housing-court.html" target="_hplink"><em>New York Times</em> op-ed recently noted</a>: <br />
<blockquote>"Millions of Americans face eviction every year. But legal aid to the poor, steadily starved since the Reagan years, has been decimated during the recession. The result? In many housing courts around the country, 90 percent of landlords are represented by attorneys and 90 percent of tenants are not. This imbalance of power is as unfair as the solution is clear." <br />
</blockquote><br />
The solution? Give legal representation to people in high-stakes eviction cases, as we do in some Los Angeles eviction cases. <br />
<br />
Another <a href="http://twitter.com/#MY$23K" target="_hplink">#MY$23K</a> area that would pay major dividends would mean connecting underwater homeowners with housing counselors and legal services to help them keep their home or make the tough decision to walk away and preserve their credit.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://twitter.com/#MY2K" target="_hplink">#MY2K</a> and <a href="http://twitter.com/#MY$23K" target="_hplink">#MY$23K</a> aren't campaign slogans. What they stand for is a promise of basic fairness on which our country was founded. Now that's worth tweeting about.]]></content>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Hablemos de sus dudas sobre Acción Diferida</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://voces.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/hablemos-de-sus-dudas-sob_b_1885302.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1885302</id>
    <published>2012-09-14T16:07:56-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-11-14T05:12:01-05:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[


La ley de inmigración se mueve lentamente, pero incluso los pequeños pasos pueden causar un tsunami de cambios.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ubdN3Tl_YJM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br />
<br />
La ley de inmigraci&oacute;n se mueve lentamente, pero incluso los peque&ntilde;os pasos pueden causar un tsunami de cambios. <br />
<br />
El 15 de agosto fuimos espectadores de c&oacute;mo miles de j&oacute;venes en todo el pa&iacute;s, salieron de las sombras y tramitaron sus documentos para Acci&oacute;n Diferida, un decreto presidencial que les permite vivir y trabajar en los EEUU libres del temor a la deportaci&oacute;n.<br />
<br />
Los conocemos como "Dreamers" [So&ntilde;adores] porque no han renunciado a sus sue&ntilde;os, incluso, cuando pareciera que algunas veces nuestro propio pa&iacute;s los ha abandonado.<br />
<br />
Se estima que existen alrededor de 1.7 millones de j&oacute;venes inmigrantes que fueron ingresados al pa&iacute;s antes de los 16 a&ntilde;os de edad y quienes cumplir&iacute;an con los requisitos que impone este programa.<br />
<br />
Miles de ellos, actualmente est&aacute;n en la escuela, otros ya se han graduado y decenas m&aacute;s han servido honorablemente en las fuerzas militares de los Estados Unidos.<br />
<br />
Los "Dreamers" son j&oacute;venes que crecieron en este pa&iacute;s, asistieron a escuelas locales y se convirtieron plenamente en residentes de este pa&iacute;s , excepto, por el titulo ya que no pueden llamarse a si mismos Estadounidenses. Ellos, conforman el grupo al que se refiere el presidente Barack Obama cuando expresa que se les debe permitir vivir y trabajar aqu&iacute; por per&iacute;odos de dos a&ntilde;os bajo un plan denominado "Acci&oacute;n Diferida."<br />
<br />
La propuesta es modesta: "No es un camino hacia la ciudadan&iacute;a. No es una soluci&oacute;n permanente," dijo el presidente durante su anuncio. "Se trata de una medida provisional que nos permite enfocar nuestros recursos de manera inteligente y al mismo tiempo, ofrece un grado de alivio y esperanza a j&oacute;venes talentosos, tenaces, j&oacute;venes patriotas".<br />
<br />
Sin embargo, aunque se trata apenas de un peque&ntilde;o paso, ser&aacute; turbulento para aquellos j&oacute;venes que cumplan con los requisitos y se acojan al decreto de Acci&oacute;n Diferida.<br />
<br />
A consecuencia del quebrantado sistema de inmigraci&oacute;n que impera en nuestro pa&iacute;s, un ni&ntilde;o puede graduarse de la escuela secundaria con los honores m&aacute;s altos de su clase, estudiar en alguna de las mejores universidades de nuestro pa&iacute;s (por lo tanto ser el mejor del mundo) y sin embargo, a excepci&oacute;n de  un t&iacute;tulo en el caj&oacute;n y un trabajo por debajo de la mesa, no cuenta con otras alternativas para demostrar sus cualidades profesionales. <br />
<br />
Ese escenario est&aacute; por cambiar.<br />
<br />
La organizaci&oacute;n de Defensores P&uacute;blico (Public Counsel) cuenta con uno de los grupos de abogados de mayor experiencia en el pa&iacute;s en el ramo de inmigraci&oacute;n.<br />
Juntos, hemos puesto en marcha un nuevo programa legal para asesorar a los j&oacute;venes. <br />
<br />
Nuestra experiencia nos ha demostrado que existen enormes oportunidades y una gran esperanza, pero tambi&eacute;n much&iacute;simo miedo y dudas; por ello, les presentamos algunas de las preguntas m&aacute;s comunes que hemos recibido en torno al decreto de Acci&oacute;n Diferida, y sus respuestas. Si desea, puede repasar <a href="http://www.publiccounsel.org/pages/?id=0062" target="_hplink">la lista completa en nuestra p&aacute;gina web</a>: http://www.publiccounsel.org/pages/?id=0062<br />
<br />
<strong>&iquest;Qu&eacute; debo hacer antes de enviar mi solicitud al programa de Acci&oacute;n Diferida?</strong><br />
Lo m&aacute;s importante es conseguir una copia de su acta de nacimiento y reunir la mayor cantidad de documentos posibles que demuestren que lleg&oacute; a los EEUU antes de los 16 a&ntilde;os de edad y que ha vivido en este pa&iacute;s por lo menos cinco a&ntilde;os y ha estado f&iacute;sicamente presente en los EEUU a partir del 15 de junio de 2012. Tambi&eacute;n debe obtener registros que exhiban su calidad de estudiante, pueden ser documentos que indiquen que actualmente asiste a una escuela, que se gradu&oacute; de la secundaria en los EEUU, que tiene un GED, o que fue debidamente dado de alta de las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos o la Guardia Costera.<br />
<br />
<strong>&iquest;Qu&eacute; tipo de documentos necesito?</strong><br />
Los documentos pueden ser:  registros escolares, financieros, m&eacute;dicos, registros de empleo y militares, si cuenta con ellos. <br />
La manera m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil de obtener los registros escolares es a trav&eacute;s de una solicitud directa en la que usted deber&aacute; pedir su expediente escolar acumulativo. <br />
El proceso deber&aacute; realizarse en cada uno de los distritos escolares a los que asisti&oacute; en los Estados Unidos, incluyendo la escuela primaria, la secundaria o el registro de su diploma universitario, GED, las boletas de calificaciones, certificados escolares u otras pruebas de inscripci&oacute;n. En caso de que haber prestado sus servicios como militar, debe solicitar la documentaci&oacute;n que lo acredite como un veterano honorable de las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos o de la Guardia Costera.<br />
<br />
<strong>&iquest;La Acci&oacute;n Diferida es un camino a la ciudadan&iacute;a?</strong><br />
No. Es una oportunidad de vivir y trabajar en los EEUU por un periodo renovable de dos a&ntilde;os. El DREAM Act, medida que a&uacute;n no ha sido aprobada en el Congreso, ofrece a los j&oacute;venes inmigrantes un camino a la ciudadan&iacute;a.<br />
<br />
<strong>&iquest;Si someto mis documentos bajo el decreto de Acci&oacute;n Diferida, eso significa que ya no podr&eacute; solicitar la ciudadan&iacute;a?</strong><br />
No. Si bien el programa de Acci&oacute;n Diferida no lo pone en el camino hacia la ciudadan&iacute;a, tampoco lo descalifica. Sin embargo, es importante entender las reglas. Debe recurrir a este decreto &uacute;nicamente si califica.<br />
<br />
<strong>&iquest;Mis familiares pueden ser deportados si me acojo al decreto de Acci&oacute;n Diferida?</strong><br />
Si bien el programa no ofrece protecci&oacute;n a los familiares de los llamados "Dreamers", el gobierno ha estipulado que no utilizar&aacute; la informaci&oacute;n presentada en las solicitudes para iniciar una acci&oacute;n en contra de la familia del solicitante.<br />
<br />
<strong>&iquest;Puedo acogerme al programa de acci&oacute;n diferida si, como adulto, he sido arrestado o si durante mi juventud fui detenido en alguna correccional para menores?</strong><br />
S&iacute;. Pero no puede haber sido condenado por un delito mayor, un delito menor significativo o tres o m&aacute;s delitos menores no significativos. De cualquier manera, usted no debe representar una amenaza para la seguridad nacional o p&uacute;blica del pa&iacute;s. Cualquier persona con un historial de arresto debe consultar a un abogado con experiencia antes de someter su caso.<br />
<br />
<strong>&iquest;Debo contratar a un abogado para procesar mi solicitud de Acci&oacute;n Diferida?</strong><br />
No hay ninguna regla que indique que debe tener un abogado. Sin embargo, s&oacute;lo un abogado con licencia puede informarle correctamente sobre cualquier posible riesgo para usted en caso de que decida iniciar el proceso de Acci&oacute;n Diferida. <br />
<br />
No se convierta en v&iacute;ctima de un fraude. Actualmente existen muchas organizaciones renombradas y sin fines de lucro que est&aacute;n ofreciendo asistencia a bajo costo para representar a los "Dreamers". Si vive en el sur de California, puede obtener los enlaces a varios de estos grupos en la pagina web de la organizaci&oacute;n de Defensores P&uacute;blico. Tambi&eacute;n puede visitar el sitio de Internet de la Asociaci&oacute;n Americana  de Abogados en Inmigraci&oacute;n www.ailalawyer.com.<br />
<br />
Recuerde, una de las mejores virtudes de nuestro pa&iacute;s: siempre hay lugar para los so&ntilde;adores.<br />
<br />
<em>Hern&aacute;n Vera es abogado y actual presidente de Public Counsel, la mayor organizaci&oacute;n de asistencia legal pro bono en Estados Unidos.</em>]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/773484/thumbs/s-ACCION-DIFERIDA-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Who's Watching Out for Farm Workers Left Out in the Heat?</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/latino-farm-workers_b_1632403.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1632403</id>
    <published>2012-07-03T09:47:03-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-09-02T05:12:16-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Sixteen-year-old Nicholas Chavez had a summer job in 2011.  But unlike many boys his age, Nicholas' summer job consisted of helping his parents pick bell peppers in the scorching fields outside Bakersfield, California.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[Sixteen-year-old Nicholas Chavez had a summer job in 2011.  But unlike many boys his age, Nicholas' summer job consisted of helping his parents pick bell peppers in the scorching fields outside Bakersfield, California.    <br />
<br />
Last July, with temperatures still above 106 degrees in the evening, Nicholas joined his parents for a nine-hour shift starting at 6:00 p.m. Three hours later, Nicholas felt sick from the heat and the lack of water, and began to vomit. The farm labor contractor and foreman left him at the side of the road, and told him not to return the next day. Nicholas later told the United Farm Workers, "They never offered to take me to the hospital or give me fresh water, they just laughed at me. I was very afraid of falling asleep and not waking up. I didn't want to worry my mother, because if she stops working, she would  lose her job." <br />
<br />
Nicholas' fears weren't far off the mark. Both of his parents were fired the next day, and the foreman refused to pay them for much of their work.<br />
<br />
Nicholas was actually one of the lucky ones.  Each year, in a repeating tragedy that can and should be prevented, hardworking men, women (and even children) who put food on our tables die of heat illness in the fields of California. Countless others are unnecessarily exposed to the serious health effects of heat edema (swelling in the legs), heat syncope (sudden loss of consciousness), heat exhaustion or stroke. This year is no different. In June, a farmworker collapsed in a field in 100-plus degree heat and died soon thereafter outside of Fresno.<br />
<br />
Farm worker organizing led to California's first-in-the-nation heat illness regulation, which was passed in 2005 after five heat-related deaths that year. It's supposed to guarantee water, shade, and rest for all outdoor workers, including the state's 650,000 farm workers.  <br />
<br />
So why are people still getting sick and dying? To find out, first you have to look at how farming works in California. Across this agricultural breadbasket, big farms outsource hiring to farm labor contractors. A disturbingly large number of these contractors are not following the rules. And this broken system lets farmers and contractors point the finger at each other.<br />
<br />
The regulation is fairly straightforward:  one quart of water per hour, education for workers to know they can ask for shade or rest when they are suffering, and access to at least <strong><em>five-minutes of shade</em></strong> for those "suffering from heat illness or believing a preventative recovery period is needed."  Not too much to ask.  Even so, according to court documents, nearly 40 percent of the farms inspected in 2008 by the California Department of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) had heat-related violations.<br />
<br />
Here's an example of what some employers try to pass for "shade" out in the fields:<br />
<br />
<center><img alt="farm workers_shade" src="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/664705/thumbs/o-FARM-WORKERS_SHADE-570.jpg?21" /></center><br />
<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, what Cal/OSHA does - or doesn't do -- when it finds workers without water, shade, or rest is the other problem. Although the agency is required to investigate complaints within three days, it rarely does so.  In fact, it admitted to the <em><a href="http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/14/local/la-me-farmworkers-heat-20110914" target="_hplink">Los Angeles Times</a></em> that, over the last several years, 89 of 185 heat complaints filed with the agency did not result in inspections (Los Angeles Times, "Change Slow for Farmworkers." September 14, 2011).  When farms are inspected and cited, the citations are too often insufficient, and even repeat offenders - those with 5, 6, 7 or more citations - are not cited as "willful" or "repeat" under the statute. Adding insult to injury, based on a review of court documents, a large proportion of citations are later reduced by the agency when the contractors dispute them or appeal.<br />
<br />
To address Cal/OSHA's inaction, Public Counsel and the law firm of Munger, Tolles &amp; Olson are currently representing the United Farm Workers and individual farm workers in a lawsuit that seeks to compel enforcement of this life-saving regulation.<br />
<br />
Heat illness is getting attention in the California Legislature too. Assemblymember Betsy Butler has authored the Farm Worker Safety Act, which addresses both the weakness of the current regulation and the state's failure to enforce it. Visit her website "<a href="http://asmdc.org/members/a53/thirst-for-justice?layout=item" target="_hplink">Thirst for Justice</a>."<br />
<br />
The act would hold both contractors and growers accountable when they let outdoor workers go without water, shade, or rest. It also would let farm workers take legal action against a contractor or grower when Cal/OSHA fails to respond. The goal isn't to punish growers who are following the rules or to generate more lawsuits, but to prevent heat illness. <br />
<br />
"You really have to understand what farm labor looks like to know why the state isn't doing enough, and why we need this bill," UFW President Arturo Rodriguez told me recently. "Heat illness can happen in just minutes, and by the time inspectors come out to a farm it's too late. Every day the problem isn't fixed people's risk of dying or becoming seriously ill just goes up. The Farm Worker Safety Act would achieve something farm workers have desperately needed for decades. Farm workers are in the best position to know when there's not enough water, shade and rest and there's a dangerous situation. Doesn't it make sense to give them a stronger voice?" <br />
<br />
The California Assembly has already passed the bill. Now it's up to the Senate to approve the bill and the Governor to sign it. Let's keep the heat on <strong><em>them</em></strong> until that happens. If this bill becomes law, California can once again be a national leader on protecting the rights and the lives of its hardest working residents.  California's farm workers deserve nothing less.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/664090/thumbs/s-PIGS-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>¿Quién protege a los campesinos abandonados bajo el calor?</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://voces.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/campesinos-abandonados-calor-california_b_1644359.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1644359</id>
    <published>2012-07-03T08:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-09-02T05:12:16-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Cada año, en los campos agrícolas de California se repite una tragedia que fácilmente puede y debe prevenirse. Los casos de hombres, mujeres e incluso niños campesinos que pierden la vida a consecuencia del calor mientras realizan la labor por poner comida en nuestras mesas.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[A sus 16 a&ntilde;os Nicholas Ch&aacute;vez consigui&oacute; su primer trabajo de verano, pero a diferencia de otros j&oacute;venes de su edad, a &eacute;l lo contrataron para trabajar largas jornadas, agachado y cosechando chiles en los campos ardientes de Bakersfield, California.<br />
<br />
Nicholas recuerda bien ese &eacute;poca, era Julio del 2011, el verano en el que se uni&oacute; a sus padres para trabajar marchas de nueve horas en el campo, donde las labores iniciaban a la 6:00 de la tarde bajo temperaturas que, a&uacute;n a esas horas, superaban los 106 grados.<br />
<br />
Entre las memorias m&aacute;s amargas de este joven, se encuentra el d&iacute;a en que habiendo trabajado tres horas sin descanso se sinti&oacute; enfermo. El calor, la ardua tarea y la falta de agua lo hicieron vomitar - uno de los signos principales de un padecimiento por exceso de calor. <br />
<br />
Esa tarde, molestos por la interrupci&oacute;n de las labores, el capataz  y el contratista que emple&oacute; a Nicholas, lo dejaron tendido a un lado de la carretera, no sin antes advertirle que no volviera al trabajo el d&iacute;a siguiente. <br />
<br />
"Nunca se ofrecieron a llevarme al hospital o darme agua fresca, solamente se rieron de m&iacute;. Ten&iacute;a miedo de quedarme dormido y no despertar, pero tampoco quer&iacute;a preocupar a mi madre porque si ella dejaba la labor, iba a perder su trabajo," narr&oacute; Ch&aacute;vez a miembros de la Uni&oacute;n de Campesinos (United Farm Workers).<br />
<br />
Los temores de Nicholas se hicieron realidad. Sus padres fueron despedidos al d&iacute;a siguiente, y el capataz se neg&oacute; a pagarles gran parte de su trabajo. Sin embargo, Nicholas es uno de los pocos afortunados. <br />
<br />
Cada a&ntilde;o, en los campos agr&iacute;colas de California se repite una tragedia que f&aacute;cilmente puede y debe prevenirse. Los casos de hombres, mujeres e incluso ni&ntilde;os campesinos que pierden la vida a consecuencia del calor mientras realizan la labor por poner comida en nuestras mesas. <br />
<br />
Muchos m&aacute;s, son innecesariamente expuestos a graves peligros como el edema (hinchaz&oacute;n en las piernas), s&iacute;ncope (p&eacute;rdida repentina de la conciencia),  agotamiento o un golpe de calor, todos, provocados por una dr&aacute;stica elevaci&oacute;n de la temperatura del cuerpo. <br />
<br />
Desafortunadamente este a&ntilde;o no es diferente. En junio, bajo un calor que superaba los 100 grados, un trabajador agr&iacute;cola se desplom&oacute; en un campo agr&iacute;cola ubicado en las afueras de Fresno. Tristemente, el campesino muri&oacute; poco despu&eacute;s.<br />
<br />
En 2005, la muerte de cinco trabajadores agr&iacute;colas que perdieron la vida a consecuencia del exceso del calor provoc&oacute; que los campesinos de California lograran que se aprobara la primera regulaci&oacute;n, en el pa&iacute;s, dirigida a  prevenir m&aacute;s tragedias en los campos como resultado de las altas temperaturas.<br />
<br />
El reglamento presuntamente garantiza agua, sombra, y el descanso para todos los trabajadores que laboran al aire libre, entre ellos, los 650 mil trabajadores agr&iacute;colas que operan en California.<br />
<br />
Sin embargo muchos se preguntan &iquest;por qu&eacute; la gente sigue enfermando y muriendo debido al exceso de calor? Para responder a esta inc&oacute;gnita, es necesario observar de cerca c&oacute;mo funciona la agricultura en California. <br />
<br />
A lo largo y ancho de esta importante industria, las grandes empresas agr&iacute;colas emplean a compa&ntilde;&iacute;as menores que les proveen trabajadores bajo contrato para que cultiven los campos, sin embargo, un n&uacute;mero alarmante de estos contratistas no est&aacute;n siguiendo las reglas. Este sistema deficiente permite que las empresas agr&iacute;colas y los contratistas se echen la culpa unos a otros cuando sucede un incidente tr&aacute;gico.<br />
<br />
Los elementos de la regulaci&oacute;n son bastantes sencillos: un litro de agua por hora, educaci&oacute;n para que los trabajadores sepan que tienen derecho a solicitar una sombra que los cubra o un descanso cuando sientan que est&aacute;n atravesando un episodio provocado por el exceso de calor. La medida tambi&eacute;n establece el derecho a por lo menos cinco minutos bajo la sombra para aquellos que: "sufren de una enfermedad relacionada a las altas temperaturas o creen necesitar un per&iacute;odo de recuperaci&oacute;n preventiva."<br />
<br />
No es mucho pedir. Aun as&iacute;, casi el 40 por ciento de las fincas inspeccionadas en 2008 por la Administraci&oacute;n de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de California (Cal/OSHA) mostraron alg&uacute;n tipo de violaci&oacute;n relacionada al reglamento para prevenir enfermedades provocadas por el calor.<br />
<br />
Este es un ejemplo de lo que algunos empleadores catalogan como "sombra" en los campos:<br />
<br />
<HH--PHOTO--FARM-WORKERS_SHADE--670669--HH><br />
<br />
Por desgracia, lo que Cal/OSHA hace -- o deja de hacer -- cuando encuentra a trabajadores sin agua, sombra o el derecho a un descanso, es el otro problema. Aunque la agencia est&aacute; obligada a investigar las quejas dentro de tres d&iacute;as, rara vez lo hace. <br />
<br />
De hecho, en un reportaje publicado por Los Angeles Times, la agencia admiti&oacute; que, en los &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os,  89 de las 185 quejas relacionadas al calor no dieron lugar a una inspecci&oacute;n a fondo (Los Angeles Times, "Change Slow for Farmworkers." 14 de Septiembre, 2011). <br />
<br />
Cuando una empresa agr&iacute;cola ha sido inspeccionada y citada por encontr&aacute;rsele alguna violaci&oacute;n, los se&ntilde;alamientos son a menudo insuficientes, incluso, las empresas reincidentes - aquellas que tienen 5, 6, 7 o m&aacute;s reclamos - no se les cataloga como incumplimientos "voluntarios" o "repetitivos" en virtud de la ley actual. <br />
<br />
Para colmo de males, la agencia estatal reduce un gran n&uacute;mero de infracciones  cuando los contratistas disputan o apelan las acusaciones.<br />
<br />
Un frente contra la inacci&oacute;n de Cal/OSHA, la encabeza la organizaci&oacute;n Public Counsel y la firma de abogados Munger, Tolles &amp; Olson quienes actualmente son los representantes legales de la Uni&oacute;n de Campesinos (UFW) y trabajadores agr&iacute;colas independientes en una demanda que busca obligar a Cal/OSHA   a que aplique las regulaciones establecidas para salvar vidas.<br />
<br />
Los padecimientos que sufren los campesinos a consecuencia del exceso de calor tambi&eacute;n est&aacute; llamando la atenci&oacute;n en la Legislatura de California. <br />
<br />
La asamble&iacute;sta Betsy Butler, present&oacute; El Acta para la Seguridad de los Trabajadores del Campo, la cual aborda tanto la debilidad de la regulaci&oacute;n actual, como la incapacidad del Estado para hacer cumplir la ley.<br />
<br />
Visite su sitio web "sed de justicia" (Thirst for Justice): http://asmdc.org/members/a53/thirst-for-justice?layout=item<br />
<br />
Esta acta obligar&aacute; tanto a contratistas, como a productores a rendir cuentas cuando dejen a trabajadores sin agua, sombra o de descanso. Tambi&eacute;n permitir&aacute; a los campesinos emprender acciones legales en contra de un contratista o productor cuando Cal/OSHA falle en su funci&oacute;n de investigar los hechos o no responda a las denuncias.<br />
<br />
El objetivo no es castigar a los productores que cumplen con las normas, ni mucho menos generar m&aacute;s demandas, sino para prevenir enfermedades o decesos ocasionados por el calor.<br />
<br />
Hace unos d&iacute;as el Presidente de UFW, Arturo Rodr&iacute;guez, me coment&oacute;: "Es necesario entender realmente c&oacute;mo funciona la industria agr&iacute;cola para saber por qu&eacute; el Estado no est&aacute; haciendo lo necesario, y por qu&eacute; necesitamos esta ley." <br />
<br />
"Los padecimientos provocados por el calor pueden ocurrir en cuesti&oacute;n de minutos, y para cuando los inspectores llegan al campo es demasiado tarde. Cada d&iacute;a que pasa sin que se resuelva este problema, el riesgo de que la gente muera o resulte gravemente lesionada va en aumento. El Acta para la Seguridad de los Trabajadores del Campo lograr&aacute; enmiendas que los campesinos han necesitado desesperadamente durante d&eacute;cadas," afirma Rodr&iacute;guez.<br />
<br />
"Los trabajadores agr&iacute;colas saben mejor que nadie cuando existen condiciones laborales peligrosas como la carencia de agua, sombra o descanso, factores que los ponen en riesgo. Entonces, &iquest;tiene o no l&oacute;gica darles una voz m&aacute;s fuerte?" concluye el l&iacute;der campesino.<br />
<br />
La Asamblea de California ya aprob&oacute; el proyecto de ley. Ahora le corresponde al Senado ratificar el acuerdo y al Gobernador firmar la regulaci&oacute;n. Mantengamos el calor de nuestra lucha sobre ellos hasta que eso ocurra. Si este proyecto de ley se convierte en una norma, California puede volver a ser un l&iacute;der nacional en la protecci&oacute;n de los derechos y la vida de sus residentes que realizan las labores m&aacute;s arduas. Los campesinos de California no merecen menos.<br />
<br />
***<br />
<br />
<em>Hern&aacute;n Vera es abogado y presidente de la organizaci&oacute;n Public Counsel en Los Angeles, California.</em>]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/670669/thumbs/s-FARM-WORKERS_SHADE-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>The Silent Casualties of Immigration Scams</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/the-silent-casualties-of-_b_1511085.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1511085</id>
    <published>2012-05-18T08:07:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-07-18T05:12:06-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[The need for comprehensive immigration reform is not going away. In the meantime, however, there are untold casualties who are suffering in ways that few are discussing.  Our nation's refusal to make immigration reform a priority has created the perfect storm for a silent problem to fester:  immigration scams.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[With 11 million undocumented immigrants in this country, the need for comprehensive immigration reform is not going away.   <br />
<br />
In the meantime, however, there are untold casualties who are suffering in ways that few are discussing.  Our nation's refusal to make immigration reform a priority has created the perfect storm for a silent problem to fester:  immigration scams.  Each year, undocumented immigrants are targeted, conned, and exploited by ruthless scam artists who promise the American dream but deliver only despair and financial ruin.  <br />
<br />
It has become such a persistent and growing problem that the federal government has created a database with over 6 million immigration fraud complaints, and for the first time last year created a joint task force to fight the scourge of "notario fraud" through a collaboration between the Departments of Homeland Security and Justice and the Federal Trade Commission.  But enforcement efforts at the state and federal level can reach only the tiniest tip of the iceberg.<br />
<br />
The story of Maria Gutierrez Aragon illustrates the ugly reality of what is happening every day.  Maria is an indigenous Mexican woman from Oaxaca who has been in the United States for over 20 years, working at a dry cleaner and washing dishes at a restaurant.  After years of abuse by her husband, Maria said enough is enough and reported the violence to the authorities. <br />
<br />
As a victim of domestic violence, Maria is eligible for immigration relief under the U visa program that is intended to protect victims of crime. Taking advantage of her vulnerable situation, a family friend approached her and offered to help her. This "friend" told her that he would act as her personal representative, and that he would work with an immigration law firm to file a visa application on her behalf.  <br />
<br />
None of it turned out to be true. There was no immigration case, and the man eventually took $80,000 from her over nearly a decade. <br />
<br />
How could it go on so long? To make this deception credible, the alleged scam artist forged numerous letters and documents from various government agencies and law firms threatening her with deportation or arrest if she told anybody about what was happening. Maria worked 14-hour days and borrowed large sums from family members to meet his ever growing demands.  <br />
<br />
Adding to this scheme of extortion, the "friend" coordinated a lengthy series of intimidating phone calls from third parties - all of which threatened deportation or incarceration if she failed to comply with the demands.  <br />
<br />
Unlike the vast majority of victims, Maria's story has a happy ending.  Working with Public Counsel in Los Angeles, she now has an immigration case pending, and the Los Angeles District Attorney has filed criminal charges for grand theft against the alleged perpetrator.  <a href="http://univision34.univision.com/videos/video/2012-05-09/fraude-visa-victimas-abuso" target="_hplink">Maria talked about her ordeal</a> to Univision. <br />
<br />
Unfortunately, arrests like these are rare. That's what the federal task force on notario fraud is meant to help change. Until that happens, here are some steps you can take to avoid becoming a victim:<br />
<br />
<ul><li>Make sure to consult an attorney, not a notario: If you are undocumented and need legal advice regarding your situation, avoid any notario, immigration consultant, or other so-called "professional" who is not a licensed attorney in your state.  Request receipts for payments, request copies of all documents filed on your behalf, and make sure you have a representation agreement in writing. If anything doesn't feel right, get a second opinion. </li></ul><br />
<br />
<ul><li>There is free or low-cost legal help available for people who think they have been defrauded: The Board of Immigration Appeals has a <a href="http://www.justice.gov/eoir/legalrepresentation.htm" target="_hplink">website</a> with referrals to local immigration attorneys or non-profits that can provide services for low or no cost. </li></ul><br />
<br />
<ul><li>The <a href="http://www.ailalawyer.com/" target="_hplink">American Immigration Lawyers Association</a> provides referrals to attorneys in different areas of immigration law.  </li></ul><br />
<br />
<ul><li>The <a href="http://apps.americanbar.org/legalservices/lris/directory/" target="_hplink">American Bar Association</a> has another service that provides referrals in this area. </li></ul><br />
<br />
<br />
While America debates the need for immigration reform, rampant fraud committed against immigrants is a hidden shame that affects millions of people. Maria's story shows there is something we can do to enforce our nation's promise of fairness -- not as citizens, legal permanent residents and undocumented people, but together. <br />
<br />
The best and most direct way to eliminate the breeding ground for these immigration scams is to pass comprehensive immigration reform and put our brothers and sisters on the path to citizenship. It's time for our nation to have the courage of Maria and say enough is enough.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/603566/thumbs/s-NOTARIO-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Las víctimas silenciosas de las estafas migratorias</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://voces.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/las-victimas-silenciosas-_b_1522865.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1522865</id>
    <published>2012-05-16T19:47:29-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-07-16T05:12:04-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Bajo un escenario en el cual los Estados Unidos persiste en debatir la necesidad de una reforma migratoria, el fraude desenfrenado contra los inmigrantes es una vergüenza oculta que afecta a millones de personas.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[Con una poblaci&oacute;n de 11 millones de inmigrantes indocumentados en este pa&iacute;s, la necesidad de una reforma migratoria integral no va a desaparecer.<br />
<br />
Sin embargo, en tanto surja una soluci&oacute;n a la crisis migratoria, innumerables v&iacute;ctimas sufren en secreto y muy pocos revelan sus penurias. La oposici&oacute;n que existe en nuestro pa&iacute;s de hacer de la reforma migratoria una prioridad, ha generado las condiciones perfectas para que se propague una tormenta de problemas silenciosos: las estafas migratorias. Cada a&ntilde;o, los inmigrantes indocumentados que buscan saber c&oacute;mo conseguir la ciudadan&iacute;a o la tarjeta verde de residencia, se convierten en el blanco perfecto de estafadores sin escr&uacute;pulos que los enga&ntilde;an y los explotan bajo la promesa del sue&ntilde;o americano, generando solo desesperaci&oacute;n y la ruina financiera de los migrantes.<br />
<br />
La situaci&oacute;n se ha convertido en un problema de tal magnitud que el gobierno federal cuenta con una base de datos con m&aacute;s de 6 millones de denuncias relacionadas con fraudes de inmigraci&oacute;n, y por primera vez, estableci&oacute; un operativo para combatir el flagelo de "notarios fraudulentos". Dicha iniciativa surgi&oacute; el a&ntilde;o pasado y es una colaboraci&oacute;n entre el Departamentos de Seguridad Nacional y la Comisi&oacute;n Federal de Comercio.<br />
<br />
Sin embargo, pese a los esfuerzos estatales y federales para erradicar los fraudes migratorios, el operativo apenas roza la punta del iceberg.<br />
<br />
La historia de Mar&iacute;a Guti&eacute;rrez Arag&oacute;n muestra la cruda realidad de lo que sucede cada d&iacute;a. Mar&iacute;a es una mujer ind&iacute;gena mexicana del estado de Oaxaca quien desde hace m&aacute;s de 20 a&ntilde;os reside en los Estados Unidos, donde se gana la vida trabajando en una tintorer&iacute;a y lavando platos en un restaurante. Tras a&ntilde;os de abuso f&iacute;sico por parte de su marido, Mar&iacute;a opt&oacute; por denunciar a las autoridades la violencia y el calvario que viv&iacute;a.<br />
<br />
Como v&iacute;ctima de violencia dom&eacute;stica, Mar&iacute;a es elegible para una visa U, programa que tiene como objetivo proteger a v&iacute;ctimas de maltrato f&iacute;sico. Un amigo de la familia se enter&oacute; de la situaci&oacute;n por la que atravesaba Mar&iacute;a y aprovech&aacute;ndose de su estado vulnerable se ofreci&oacute; a prestarle ayuda. Este "amigo" le dijo que iba a actuar como su representante personal ante un bufete de abogados de inmigraci&oacute;n quienes se encargar&iacute;an de solicitar una visa para ella.<br />
<br />
Todo result&oacute; ser una estafa. No hubo ning&uacute;n caso de inmigraci&oacute;n, lo que s&iacute; sucedi&oacute; fue que a lo largo de una d&eacute;cada, el hombre logr&oacute; adjudicarse $80,000 d&oacute;lares.<br />
<br />
&iquest;C&oacute;mo subsisti&oacute; el enga&ntilde;o durante todo ese tiempo? El presunto estafador falsific&oacute; numerosas cartas as&iacute; como documentos de varias agencias gubernamentales y bufetes de abogados en las que amenaza a Mar&iacute;a con la deportaci&oacute;n si ella denunciaba lo que estaba sucediendo. <br />
<br />
Adem&aacute;s de las cartas, el supuesto representante legal orquest&oacute; una serie de llamadas telef&oacute;nicas en las que, con la ayuda de otros c&oacute;mplices, intimidaba a su v&iacute;ctima dici&eacute;ndole que seria encarcelada y deportada si no cumpl&iacute;a con los pagos.<br />
<br />
Mar&iacute;a trabajaba 14 horas diarias y se vio en la necesidad de pedir prestado grandes sumas de dinero a varios miembros de su familia para satisfacer las exigencias, cada vez mayores, de su abusador.<br />
<br />
A diferencia de la gran mayor&iacute;a de v&iacute;ctimas, la historia de Mar&iacute;a tuvo un final feliz. Gracias a la organizaci&oacute;n Public Counsel en Los &Aacute;ngeles, con la que Mar&iacute;a se puso en contacto, hoy esta mujer inmigrante cuenta con un caso de inmigraci&oacute;n pendiente, y el Fiscal de Distrito de Los &Aacute;ngeles ha presentado cargos criminales por robo contra el presunto responsable. Mar&iacute;a habl&oacute; de su experiencia a Univisi&oacute;n <a href="http://univision34.univision.com/videos/video/2012-05-09/fraude-visa-victimas-abuso" target="_hplink">aqui</a>: <br />
<br />
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<br />
Desafortunadamente, los arrestos son muy raros en este tipo de casos, una realidad que el operativo federal contra los notarios fraudulentos est&aacute; tratando de cambiar.<br />
<br />
Mientras eso ocurre, aqu&iacute; le presentamos algunas medidas preventivas que puede tomar para evitar convertirse en la pr&oacute;xima v&iacute;ctima de una estafa migratoria:<br />
<br />
<ul><li>Aseg&uacute;rese de consultar a un abogado, no un notario: Si usted es indocumentado y necesita asesoramiento legal con respecto a su situaci&oacute;n, evite acudir a un notario, a un asesor de inmigraci&oacute;n o cualquiera de los llamados "profesional" que no cuente con una licencia que lo acredite como un abogado autorizado para ejercer en su estado. Exija recibos de todos sus pagos, solicite copias de todos los documento presentados en su nombre, y aseg&uacute;rese de que tiene un acuerdo de representaci&oacute;n por escrito. Si algo le parece extra&ntilde;o, busque una segunda opini&oacute;n.</li></ul><br />
<br />
<ul><li>Existe ayuda legal gratuita o de bajo costo disponibles para las personas que sospechan que han sido defraudadas: <a href=" http://www.justice.gov/eoir/legalrepresentation.htm" target="_hplink">La Junta de Apelaciones de Inmigraci&oacute;n</a> tiene una p&aacute;gina web que incluye un listado de abogados locales de inmigraci&oacute;n o sin fines de lucro que puedan prestar servicios a bajo costo o de forma gratuita.</li></ul><br />
<br />
<ul><li>La <a href="http://www.ailalawyer.com/" target="_hplink">Asociaci&oacute;n Americana de Abogados de Inmigraci&oacute;n</a> (The American Immigration Lawyers Association) le puede ayudar a referirlo con abogados especialistas en las diferentes &aacute;reas de la ley de inmigraci&oacute;n.</li></ul><br />
<br />
<ul><li>La <a href="http://apps.americanbar.org/legalservices/lris/directory/" target="_hplink">Barra Americana de Abogados</a> (The American Bar Association) tambi&eacute;n puede referirlo con abogados de inmigraci&oacute;n.</li></ul><br />
<br />
Bajo un escenario en el cual los Estados Unidos persiste en debatir la necesidad de una reforma migratoria, el fraude desenfrenado contra los inmigrantes es una verg&uuml;enza oculta que afecta a millones de personas. La historia de Mar&iacute;a demuestra que hay cosas que podamos hacer para cumplir con nuestra promesa de una naci&oacute;n justa- no solo como ciudadanos, residentes legales o indocumentados, sino en conjunto, como pa&iacute;s.<br />
<br />
La mejor medida, y la m&aacute;s directa, para eliminar el caldo de cultivo en el que se han convertido las estafas de inmigraci&oacute;n es aprobar una reforma migratoria integral que ponga a nuestros hermanos y hermanas en el camino a la ciudadan&iacute;a. <br />
<br />
Es el momento de que nuestra naci&oacute;n tenga la valent&iacute;a de Mar&iacute;a y diga ya basta.<br />
<br />
***<br />
<em>Hern&aacute;n Vera es abogado y presidente de la organizaci&oacute;n Public Counsel en Los Angeles, CA.</em>]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/603566/thumbs/s-NOTARIO-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>The Education Revolution</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/the-education-revolution_b_1476134.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1476134</id>
    <published>2012-05-05T07:13:47-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-07-05T05:12:02-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Latinos are more likely than white students to receive suspensions.  Students with disabilities are twice as likely to get these higher forms of punishment.  These large differences continue to be found even when researchers compare students of similar backgrounds.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[Claudia Gomez is a petite Latina with big earrings and even bigger dreams for the future.  But her future wasn't always this bright.  <br />
<br />
Despite being the valedictorian of her eighth grade class, Claudia was expelled from her high school as a freshman because of a fight with another student.  She attended several other schools across town where she was suspended numerous times for being tardy and engaging in verbal fights with other students who teased her.  Eventually she fell behind in her work and dropped out.  <br />
<br />
But none of these punitive disciplinary measures could fix her broken heart.  <br />
<br />
At age 12, her older sister was shot and killed, and her other sister was shot as well in the same incident. "All the time I was struggling with anger management and transportation issues, no one ever asked me what they could do to help," she remembered.<br />
<br />
Now Claudia is on track to finish high school and she's an organizer with <a href="http://www.youth4justice.org/" target="_hplink">Youth Justice Coalition</a>, telling her story to anybody who will listen and help change the system that didn't hear the hurt behind her anger. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b44q5D_bzDE&amp;feature=youtu.be" target="_hplink">Watch a video of Claudia telling her story:</a><br />
<br />
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/b44q5D_bzDE?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br />
<br />
Claudia's story highlights one important aspect of our education system that is failing our kids:  excessive school discipline.  For too long, politicians have peddled a simplistic, "tough love" approach to school discipline that emphasizes suspensions and expulsions.  The numbers are alarming.  In California alone, <a href="http://www.fixschooldiscipline.org/2012/04/ucla-report-says-out-of-school-suspensions-reveal-hidden-crisis-in-california/" target="_hplink">over 400,000 students were suspended in 2009-2010</a>. That equates to tens of millions of hours of lost classroom time for our nation's youth.<br />
<br />
But the infractions that led to these punitive disciplinary actions are not what most people expect.  A recent national study found that <a href="http://www.fixschooldiscipline.org/problem/" target="_hplink">over 43% of disciplinary exclusions</a> were for "insubordination" violations (i.e., talking back, "willful defiance," etc.) and less than 1% was for possession or use of firearms.<br />
<br />
As you can imagine, the educational consequences for these students are enormous.  Statistics show that students who are suspended at least once are three times more likely to drop out.  And the correlation between expulsions and participation in the juvenile justice system is direct and incontrovertible.<br />
<br />
Another disturbing aspect of these disciplinary policies is how disproportionately they are applied to different groups.  Latinos are more likely than white students to receive suspensions.  Students with disabilities are twice as likely to get these higher forms of punishment.  These large differences continue to be found even when researchers compare students of similar backgrounds.<br />
<br />
Despite all the rhetoric, the research is clear.  Pushing children out of school through harsh disciplinary policies simply does not improve educational performance - either individually or for a school as a whole.  No study has been able to show that these draconian policies provide any significant pedagogical benefit.<br />
<br />
Fortunately, the tide is turning.  Educators, parents, policymakers, and students like Claudia have been forcefully advocating for another approach. <br />
<br />
Some of the changes are going to happen through action at the highest levels. This year Secretary of Education Arne Duncan <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/news/education/story/2012-03-06/report-school-discipline/53380620/1" target="_hplink">told reporters</a> that "the sad fact is that minority students across America face much harsher discipline than non-minorities, even within the same school."<br />
<br />
Here in <a href="http://www.fixschooldiscipline.org/how-can-we-fix-it/" target="_hplink">California legislators are looking at common sense solutions</a> for schools that suspend more than 25% of their students, year after year, and challenging them to do better. Another bill would change the definition of "willful defiance," which can lead to a student being suspended for anything from failing to turn in homework, not paying attention, refusing to follow directions to take off a coat or hat, or swearing in class. You can read more at MejorandolaDisciplina.org / FixSchoolDiscipline.org.<br />
<br />
But change is also going to happen one school at a time, one teacher at a time, one student at a time. There's a quiet revolution happening around school discipline. It's a parent revolution of having a voice about what's happening at their children's schools. It's a teacher revolution of moving from managing classrooms to getting professional support to help all students succeed. It's a community revolution that's bringing community organizers, judges and law enforcement to the table. It's a student revolution of taking responsibility for behavior and working to change it. <br />
<br />
As Claudia said, getting suspended is "days without you getting your education." That's how we're all looking at it. <br />
<br />
<em>Hern&aacute;n Vera is president and CEO of Public Counsel, the nation's largest pro bono law firm. </em>]]></content>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>La Nueva Revolución Educativa</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://voces.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/nueva-revolucion-educativa_b_1475956.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1475956</id>
    <published>2012-05-03T16:53:11-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-07-03T05:12:03-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Desde hace mucho tiempo, los políticos han empujado un enfoque simplista, "el amor duro" un sistema escolar disciplinario que enfatiza suspensiones y expulsiones.  Los números son alarmantes.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Hernan Vera</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="es" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/hernan-vera/"><![CDATA[Su complexi&oacute;n peque&ntilde;a contrasta con los grandes aretes que Claudia G&oacute;mez suele lucir. Aunque no son tan grandes como su sue&ntilde;o de tener un futuro mejor. <br />
<br />
Las aspiraciones de esta joven latina no siempre fueron grandes y brillantes. Cuando cursaba el octavo grado fue expulsada de la escuela secundaria a la que asist&iacute;a tras una disputa con otra estudiante. Claudia era la alumna m&aacute;s destacada de su clase.<br />
<br />
Una y otra vez, la historia se repetir&iacute;a. Claudia fue suspendida de varias escuelas de su comunidad porque llegaba tarde o iniciaba discusiones con otros estudiantes que sol&iacute;an burlarse de ella. <br />
<br />
Finalmente, su retraso escolar fue de tal nivel que prefiri&oacute; abandonar la escuela. A lo largo de esos a&ntilde;os de castigos y medidas disciplinarias nadie supo reparar su coraz&oacute;n roto. A los 12 a&ntilde;os Claudia presenci&oacute; con horror como su hermana era  asesinada de un disparo. Otra de sus hermanas tambi&eacute;n result&oacute; herida en ese incidente tr&aacute;gico.<br />
<br />
"Durante todo ese tiempo en que estuve lidiando con problemas ocasionados por mi comportamiento violento y los aprietos para conseguir transporte, nunca me preguntaron si pod&iacute;an hacer algo para ayudarme," recuerda Claudia. <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b44q5D_bzDE&amp;feature=youtu.be" target="_hplink">Video</a>:<br />
<br />
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/b44q5D_bzDE?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <br />
<br />
Las heridas de ese pasado la hicieron fuerte y hoy no s&oacute;lo comparte su historia con todos aquellos que deseen acucharla, sino que est&aacute; en camino de terminar la preparatoria y se ha convertido en una activa organizadora de <a href="http://www.youth4justice.org/" target="_hplink">La Coalici&oacute;n de Justicia Juvenil</a> donde lucha por cambiar el sistema que en el pasado la ignor&oacute; y nunca hizo nada por entender las heridas detr&aacute;s de su enojo. <br />
<br />
La historia de Claudia muestra una falla importante del sistema educativo en el que est&aacute;n nuestros ni&ntilde;os: disciplina escolar excesiva. Desde hace mucho tiempo, los pol&iacute;ticos han empujado un enfoque simplista, "el amor duro" un sistema escolar disciplinario que enfatiza suspensiones y expulsiones.  Los n&uacute;meros son alarmantes. S&oacute;lo en California, <a href="http://www.mejorandoladisciplina.org/2012/04/ucla-dice-informe-fuera-de-la-escuela-suspensiones-reveal-crisis-oculta-en-california/" target="_hplink">m&aacute;s de 400,000 estudiantes fueron suspendidos</a> durante el ciclo escolar 2009-2010. La cifra equivale a decenas de millones de horas de clases perdidas para los j&oacute;venes de nuestra naci&oacute;n.<br />
<br />
Cabe destacar que las infracciones que condujeron a estas acciones disciplinarias, no fueron tan graves como la mayor&iacute;a podr&iacute;a imaginar. Datos de un estudio nacional reciente encontr&oacute; que <a href="http://www.mejorandoladisciplina.org/elproblema/" target="_hplink">m&aacute;s de 43% de suspensiones disciplinarias</a> fueron por "insubordinaci&oacute;n" (ej. Contestar con un "desaf&iacute;o deliberado", etc.) y menos del 1% se debieron a situaciones serias como posesi&oacute;n o uso de armas de fuego.<br />
<br />
Como puede imaginarse, las repercusiones educativas para estos estudiantes son enormes.  Las estad&iacute;sticas muestran que aquellos alumnos que fueron suspendidos al menos una vez, tienen tres veces m&aacute;s probabilidades de abandonar la escuela.  Y la correlaci&oacute;n entre las expulsiones y la participaci&oacute;n en el sistema de justicia juvenil es directa e irrevertible.<br />
<br />
Otro aspecto preocupante de esta pol&iacute;tica disciplinaria es la relaci&oacute;n desproporcionada en la que se recurre a la suspensi&oacute;n del alumno entre los diferentes grupos &eacute;tnicos.  Los estudiantes Latinos tienen m&aacute;s probabilidades de ser suspendidos que los blancos. En el caso de los alumnos con discapacidades la probabilidad de que se les somata a una forma superior de castigo se duplica.  Estas grandes diferencias persisten incluso cuando los investigadores comparan a estudiantes que presentan antecedentes de comportamientos similares.<br />
<br />
A pesar de toda la ret&oacute;rica, los resultados de las investigaciones son claras. Someter a los ni&ntilde;os a trav&eacute;s de duras pol&iacute;ticas disciplinarias en las escuelas simplemente no mejora el desempe&ntilde;o educativo - individualmente o para la escuela en conjunto.  Ning&uacute;n estudio ha podido demostrar que estas pol&iacute;ticas impositivas proporcionan alg&uacute;n beneficio pedag&oacute;gico significativo.<br />
<br />
Afortunadamente, la marea se est&aacute; revirtiendo. Educadores, padres, pol&iacute;ticos y estudiantes como Claudia est&aacute;n abogando en&eacute;rgicamente para que se implemente un enfoque diferente.<br />
<br />
Algunos de los cambios van a suceder a trav&eacute;s de las acciones en los niveles m&aacute;s altos. Este a&ntilde;o, el Secretario de Educaci&oacute;n, Arne Duncan, <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/news/education/story/2012-03-06/report-school-discipline/53380620/1" target="_hplink">dijo a los medios de comunicaci&oacute;n</a> que: "la triste realidad es que los estudiantes de minor&iacute;a &eacute;tnicas en toda Am&eacute;rica enfrentan medidas disciplinarias m&aacute;s severas  que aquellos que no lo son, incluso dentro de una misma escuela."<br />
<br />
En California, los legisladores est&aacute;n en la b&uacute;squeda de soluciones de sentido com&uacute;n para aquellas escuelas que a&ntilde;o tras a&ntilde;o suspenden m&aacute;s del 25% de su alumnado, y los desaf&iacute;a a que reduzcan sus cifras. Otro proyecto de ley busca cambiar la definici&oacute;n de "desaf&iacute;o deliberado," que puede conducir a un estudiante a ser suspendido por cualquier situaci&oacute;n ya sea que no entregue su tarea, no preste atenci&oacute;n, o se niegue a seguir instrucciones como quitarse un abrigo, un sombrero o no desee prestar juramento en clase. Si desea conocer m&aacute;s sobre el tema, puede ingresar a la p&aacute;gina web <a href="http://www.mejorandoladisciplina.org/" target="_hplink">www.MejorandolaDisciplina.org</a> o <a href="http://www.fixschooldiscipline.org/" target="_hplink">www.FixSchoolDiscipline.org</a>.<br />
<br />
Pero el cambio se dar&aacute; de forma paulatina: Una escuela a la vez, un profesor a la vez y un estudiante a la vez. Hay una revoluci&oacute;n silenciosa emergiendo alrededor de la disciplina escolar. Es una revoluci&oacute;n de padres de familia que buscan tener una voz activa sobre lo que est&aacute; ocurriendo en las escuelas de sus hijos. Es una revoluci&oacute;n de profesores que buscan pasar de dirigir simplemente un sal&oacute;n de clase a buscar apoyo profesional para ayudar a que todos los estudiantes tengan &eacute;xito. Es una revoluci&oacute;n comunitaria que est&aacute; movilizando activistas sociales, jueces y autoridades de la ley a una conversaci&oacute;n abierta. Es una revoluci&oacute;n de estudiante dispuestos a asumir la responsabilidad de analizar su comportamiento y trabajar para cambiarlo. <br />
 <br />
Como dijo Claudia, quedar suspendido es sin&oacute;nimo de "d&iacute;as sin acceso a la educaci&oacute;n." As&iacute; es c&oacute;mo todos percibimos este problema.<br />
<br />
<em><br />
Hern&aacute;n Vera es abogado y actual presidente de <a href="http://www.publiccounsel.org/" target="_hplink">Public Counsel</a>, la organizaci&oacute;n de asistencia legal pro bono mas grande de los Estados Unidos. www.publiccounsel.org</em>]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/593732/thumbs/s-SCHOOL-CLASS-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>
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